p.

self-inflicted pain

196

[Caribou Athapaska] "All true wisdom is only found far from men, out in the great solitude, and it can be acquired only through suffering. Privations and suffering are the only things that can open a man’s mind to that which is hidden from others."

[Sioux Sun Dance rites] "self inflicted pain as another means"

222

"A shamanka of the Achomawi ... calls her guardians "pains"". {238, n. 14 "Achomawi damagomi, also the word for "pain"."}

223

[Achomawi shamanka] "My first damagomi came to find me and I still have it. It is a little black thing, and you can hardly see it. When it came the first time it made a great noise. It was night. It told me I must go see it in the mountains. So I went. ... Later I had others. I caught them."

p.

196

[Tungus] S^inken

197

the sacral bear : with honorifics, "master of the forest," "owner of the earth," "god of the mountains," "divine one who rules in the mountains," "wintersleeper".

[Yakut] Bird-of-Prey-Mother

[Netsilik Inuit] "shamans could control thunder and put down snowstorms ... Shamans could even stop the cracking of ice".

p.

dream

198

"he follows the inner path, led on by a song he hears in his dreams to the point of death ..."

200

A man’s medicine bundle hanging above where he sleeps toward the rising sun is a focus for his dreaming ..."

p.

dreams

200

"In Amerindian shamanism, ... Sinkyone, Wintu, and Shasta candidates all receive their vocations in dreams of dead relative".

215

"a Patvioso doctor met his nigouimes in a dream : ... "A tall slender man stood in front of me. He said : "You want to be a shaman. ... First get your eagle feathers ... The feather is to guide you. You can bring the souls of dead people back with it. ..." ... I learned my songs and how to cure the sick when this tall man came to me in dreams.""

222

"Another man dreamed three times he was a kangaroo; hence he became one of the kangaroo kindred, and might not eat any part of a kangaroo on which there was blood. [viz., raw blood, or raw meat] He might he cooked kangaroo; but if he were to eat the meat with the [raw] blood on it, the spirits would no longer take him up aloft." {The Torah, in prohibiting the eating of "blood", would likewise mean ‘raw blood’.}

224

"The Blackfeet men often went off by themselves to fast and dream for power. ... It was deemed essential that the place to which a man resorted for this purpose should be ... a place which tried the nerve ... Such situations were mountain peaks; ... or islands in lakes ... where ... a person might be seized and carried off by the Su-ye-tup-pi, or Underwater People; or places where the dead had been buried, and where there was much danger from ghosts."

226

"In some Californian tribes (Yurok, Sinkyone, Wintu, Shasta), a doctor receives his power after dreaming of a departed relative .... This sort of experience is widespread in western Amerindian lore, also occurring among the Atsugewi, Maidu, Crow, Arapaho, Gros Ventre ... among the Lilooet, whose "apprentices sleep on graves, sometimes for several years" ... And "sometimes (among the Tlingit, for example) ... the shaman spends the night with the dead shaman’s body.""

p.

journey

201

a Netsilik to the sea-bottom house of Sedna, Mother of Sea Creatures (... while the shaman combs out her disheveled hair, all tangled by infractions ... in the world above)." [p. 221 Iglulik list, for period of seal-butchering, of restrictions, including "Women must not comb their hair".]

"a Lapp noaide ... had taken the shape of his companion the whale to pursue a disease spirit in the shape of a seal".

213

"Australian account describe an initiatory journey underwater, bringing the apprentice to "a brightly lit cave in which two snakes, a male and a female, are mating," whereupon power in the form of the snake’s "child seeds" {attractions for souls needing to be re-incarnated?} enters the doctor’s soul ..."

p.

deity

205

[Norse] "Snorri’s depiction of Loki’s daughter hel, whose face is half white and half black; ... the road to her gloomy dwelling takes the traveler downward and northward"

232

[Altaic] "Erlik Khan, King of the Underworld," seeth shaman "plumbing his dark depths" as a "black, stinking beetle".

In Samoyed accounts, it is a demiurgic smith who dismembers, boils, and reassembles the apprentice’s skeleton."

p.

209

"Iglulik initiation requires that ... the apprentice learn "to see himself as a skeleton". ...

213

[North Alaska] "by letting worms eat the meat from the body the shaman became "light and shining".

[Blackfoot priest, attired as a grizzly-bear] "His body and head were entirely covered with the skin of a yellow bear, the head of which (his own head being inside of it) served as a mask." {cf. antient Chinese bear-masked priest at caerimony for burial of the dead}

p.

simulations

229

[Tungus] "He imitates the cries and behavior of supernatural animals ... He crawls along the ground like a snake, roars and runs on all fours like a tiger, simulates the plummeting of a duck, or waves his arms as if they were a bird’s wings." ...

234

[KirGiz] "baqc,a ... "barks like a dog, sniffs at the audience, lows like an ox, bellows, ... bleats like a lamb, grunts like a pig, whinnies, coos, ... all of which greatly impresses his audience.""

p.

cold

229

[Tungus] "Underground, in the realm of darkness, he is so cold that he shivers and quakes. He asks his mother’s spirit for a blanket."

231

And as I become cold I shall have power."